Delivered on 23 July 2025, this groundbreaking opinion clarifies that under international law, states must act with due diligence to prevent environmental harm caused by greenhouse gas emissions, failing which they may bear legal consequences. It affirms the rights of present and future generations, highlights the duty to protect vulnerable states, and recognises a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment as essential for the enjoyment of human rights.
For climate-vulnerable countries like Bangladesh, which faces rising seas and frequent climate-induced disasters, the judgment strengthens both moral and legal claims for global accountability and equitable climate action. The Bangladesh Society of International Law sees this as a transformative milestone in the evolution of international environmental law.
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